Legal & Insolvency

What is Committee of Creditors (CoC)?

The Committee of Creditors (CoC) is the body of all financial creditors of a corporate debtor under CIRP, with voting rights in proportion to their claims. The CoC takes key decisions — appointing the RP, evaluating resolution plans and recommending liquidation if needed.

MeaningThe Committee of Creditors (CoC) is the body of all financial creditors of a corporate debtor under CIRP, with voting rights in proportion to their claims. The CoC takes key decisions — appointing the RP, evaluating resolution plans and recommending liquidation if needed.
CategoryLegal & Insolvency
Related LawsIBC 2016, Sections 21–24
Who Uses ItFinancial creditors, RP
Why It MattersCoC vote determines whether a resolution plan succeeds.
Detailed explanation

Committee of Creditors (CoC) explained in plain English

A practitioner's view written for borrowers and advisors — not a textbook definition.

The Committee of Creditors (CoC) is the body of all financial creditors of a corporate debtor under CIRP, with voting rights in proportion to their claims. The CoC takes key decisions — appointing the RP, evaluating resolution plans and recommending liquidation if needed.

In practice, Committee of Creditors (CoC) is used most often by financial creditors, rp. Each of them sees the term from a slightly different angle: borrowers care about protection and outcomes, lenders care about classification and recovery, regulators care about consistency and disclosure.

The legal anchor for Committee of Creditors (CoC) is IBC 2016, Sections 21–24. RBI master directions, the SARFAESI Act 2002, the RDB Act 1993 and the IBC 2016 commonly interplay, depending on the loan size, security and stage of stress.

Why does it matter? CoC vote determines whether a resolution plan succeeds. For a stressed borrower, getting this concept right early often saves several months of penal interest, legal cost and credit-score damage.

A real example: CoC approves a resolution plan with 78% voting share. The mechanics may look complex, but the underlying logic — the bank wants closure, the borrower wants a fair outcome — is straightforward once the right framework is in place.

If you are facing a situation involving Committee of Creditors (CoC), the safest first step is a structured case review with a senior ex-banker who has handled comparable matters across banks and ARCs in India.

Where it is used

Where you'll encounter Committee of Creditors (CoC)

With borrowers and guarantors

Whenever a loan moves from "Standard" to "stressed", Committee of Creditors (CoC) is one of the words that starts appearing in notices, bank emails and lawyers' opinions.

Inside banks and NBFCs

Sanctioning committees, recovery teams and risk officers use Committee of Creditors (CoC) to classify accounts, decide provisioning and approve resolution paths.

Before DRT, NCLT and High Courts

Committee of Creditors (CoC) appears in pleadings, securitisation applications, OAs, Section 7/9 petitions and SARFAESI writs as part of the dispute record.

In ARC and investor transactions

When stressed loans are sold to ARCs or special-situations investors, Committee of Creditors (CoC) is used in term sheets, assignment agreements and due-diligence reports.

Real example

A practical illustration of Committee of Creditors (CoC)

CoC approves a resolution plan with 78% voting share.
Note: The example is illustrative. Every case is fact-specific — actual outcomes depend on security cover, ageing of NPA, sanctioning level and the quality of documentation.
FAQs

Frequently asked questions about Committee of Creditors (CoC)

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Last reviewed by NPAExperts Advisory on 27 Jun 2026

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